ABSTRACT A new antlion species, Tyttholeon froehlichi Tavares, Marquez and Contreras sp. n., is described from the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, an area biogeographically significant for its high number of endemic species. Previously monotypic, Tyttholeon Adams now comprises two Nearctic species. Three of the four genera within the formerly recognized tribe Gnopholeontini and their respective species, all present in the Peninsula of Baja California (Gnopholeon barberi Currie, G. delicatulus Currie, G. zapotecus Stange, Menkeleon bellulus Banks, and Tyttholeon puerilis Adams), are herein diagnosed, illustrated, and have their distribution updated and analyzed. A taxonomic key is provided for Tyttholeon.

Abstract The genus Plega Navás, 1928, belongs to the subfamily Symphrasinae, a group recently transferred from Mantispidae to Rhachiberothidae. This genus is herein reported as parasitoid of the symphytan family Diprionidae for the first time, becoming the first record of association between this neuropteran subfamily and non-aculeate Hymenoptera. This new association was discovered in “Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc”, in the Mexican state of Guerrero, where Plega spinosaArdila et al., 2019 was found associated with immatures of the sawfly Monoctenus cuauhtemoci De Lira, 2021, a pest in forests of Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (white cedar). The neuropteran was found to be the most abundant parasitoid of this symphytan, becoming a potential candidate for biological control of phytophagous sawflies in juniper forests, an economically important plant species for the wood industry in the region. Considering the behavior and morphological aspects of the primary larvae and the behavior of the adults of Plega, three possible scenarios in which the primary larvae of P. spinosa board the larvae of Monoctenus to complete its life cycle are outlined. This finding reinforces the hypothesis of a generalist ectoparasitoid lifeway of the larvae of the genus Plega on larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects.

ABSTRACT The species Lainius constellatus Navás is recorded for the first time from Mexico; thus this report represents the northernmost record of the genus and species for the Americas. In addition, it provides data on the variation in color marks and a description of the hypandrium internum. A brief summary of the distribution of the species belonging to the subfamily Apochrysinae is provided, with emphasis on the three American genera, which share distribution mostly in the Pacific domain of the Brazilian subregion, ranging from the Mexican transition zone to possibly the Chacoan subregion.

ABSTRACT Paranthaclisis stangei Marquez, Martins, and Contreras, sp. n., is a new myrmeleontid from Baja California Sur state, Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, which is an important area of endemism. After this new discovery, the genus Paranthaclisis is composed by five species, three occurring in Mexico. This new species is easily identified by a rostrum completely yellowish-white, an area of pre-origin of RP with spurial vein on hindwing and with marks; males are easily separated by the conspicuous posterior thinning of the parameres and mediuncus dorsally without teeth and a basomedial split. Marquez Martins Contreras sp n n. state Peninsula Mexico endemism discovery yellowishwhite, yellowishwhite yellowish white, white yellowish-white preorigin pre origin marks split

Abstract The present study provides information on the composition and seasonal abundance of the families Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae and Hemerobiidae associated with Mexican lime trees [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] in Tecomán, Colima. The study was conducted in a Mexican lime orchard, untreated chemically. Field surveys were carried out during 13 months, from May 2013 to June 2014. Sampling was carried out monthly using 5 collecting techniques: Malaise trap, sweeping net, aerial net, yellow pan traps, and canopy fogging. A total of 508 specimens were collected, placed in 3 families and 21 species, 6 of those are new citrus records worldwide, 7 are new distribution records for Colima state, and 7 are new citrus records in Mexico. The most abundant and frequent species were Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Scheider, 1851) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). Diversity of order 1, including the species of the 3 families and their relative abundance, was 7.1 effective species; and during the first period of vegetative sprouting of Mexican lime trees, the 3 families share maximum values of diversity. The results have implications for the conservation and use of the diversity of Neuroptera associated with citrus trees in the state.

Resumen El presente estudio proporciona información sobre la composición y la abundancia estacional de estas familias asociadas al cultivo de limón mexicano [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] en Tecomán, Colima. El estudio fue llevado a cabo en un cultivo de limón, sin tratamiento químico. La colecta se realizó por 13 meses, de mayo de 2013 a junio de 2014. El muestreo fue mensual y se utilizaron 5 técnicas de captura: trampa Malaise, red de golpeo, red aérea, platos amarillos y fumigación de dosel. Se recolectaron 508 especímenes, repartidos en 3 familias y 21 especies; 6 son nuevos registros en cítricos a nivel mundial, 7 son nuevos registros de distribución para Colima y 7 son nuevos registros en cítricos para México. Las especies más abundantes y frecuentes fueron Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Scheider, 1851) y Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). La diversidad de orden 1 para las 3 familias fue de 7.1 especies efectivas y compartieron los valores máximos de diversidad durante el primer periodo de brotación vegetativa del limón mexicano. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para la conservación y uso de la diversidad de especies de Neuroptera asociadas a cítricos en el estado.

Neuropterida is a monophyletic taxon composed of the orders Megaloptera (dobsonflies and alderflies), Raphidioptera (snakeflies) and Neuroptera (lacewings). This contribution presents the diversity of Megaloptera and Raphidioptera in Mexico, the lower diversity orders within Neuropterida. Some dobsonflies reach a wingspan of almost 18 cm and posses tusk-like modified mandibles in males. There are little more than 328 described species worldwide. Thirteen species are distributed in Mexico, included in 5 genera in the families Corydalidae and Sialidae, which represent 3.9% of the world fauna. Raphidioptera species are characterized by their long prothorax, their hyaline wings with a distinct pterostigma and the long ovipositor of females. They are a relict group with only 240 species worldwide, in the families Inocelliidae and Raphidiidae. In Mexico there are 14 described species of 4 genera in both families, which represent 5.8% of the world fauna. Raphidiopterans seem to require a period of low temperature to complete their life cycle, which could explain the absence of snakeflies in tropical areas.

Neuropterida es un taxón monofilético conformado por los órdenes Megaloptera, Raphidioptera y Neuroptera. En esta contribución se presenta la diversidad de Megaloptera y Raphidioptera en México, los órdenes de menor diversidad dentro de Neuropterida. Algunos megalópteros alcanzan una envergadura alar de casi 18 cm y poseen mandíbulas modificadas a manera de colmillo en los machos. Existen poco más de 328 especies descritas en el mundo. En México, se encuentran distribuidas 13 especies, incluidas en 5 géneros en las familias Corydalidae y Sialidae, lo cual representa el 3.9% de la fauna mundial. Las especies de Raphidioptera se caracterizan por poseer un largo protórax, alas hialinas con un marcado pterostigma, así como un largo ovipositor en las hembras. Se considera un grupo relicto con sólo 240 especies en el mundo, en las familias Inocelliidae y Raphidiidae. En México se encuentran 14 especies descritas de 4 géneros en ambas familias, lo cual representa el 5.8% de la fauna mundial. Las especies del orden parecen necesitar un periodo de baja temperatura para completar su ciclo de vida, lo cual podría explicar la ausencia de rafidiópteros en zonas tropicales.

Neuropterans or net-winged insects are characterized by possessing broad membranous wings strengthened by an elaborated reticulate venation. They are predators, mainly as larvae, so they are considered a beneficial group that controls some agricultural and horticultural pests. They are found in all temperate and tropical regions of the world, reaching their highest diversity in tropical forest communities and their highest abundance in desert communities and temperate habitats. It is a small order with a world fauna of ca. 5 750 species. It is an old group with strongly distinct families. Six percent of the world fauna has been recorded in Mexico, which is represented by 349 species in 10 families (number of species in parentheses): Myrmeleontidae (102), Chrysopidae (100), Hemerobiidae (50), Coniopterygidae (40), Mantispidae (26), Ascalaphidae (21), Sisyridae (3), Ithonidae (3), Berothidae (3) and Dilaridae (1).

Los neurópteros se caracterizan por poseer amplias alas membranosas reforzadas por una elaborada venación reticulada. Son predadores, principalmente en estado larvario, por lo que se consideran un grupo benéfico controlador de algunas plagas de agricultura y horticultura. Se encuentran en todas las partes templadas y tropicales del mundo; alcanzan su mayor diversidad en comunidades de bosques tropicales y su mayor abundancia en comunidades desérticas y hábitats templados. Es un orden pequeño con una fauna mundial de ca. 5 750 especies. Es un grupo antiguo cuyas familias poseen rasgos distintivos bien definidos. En México se encuentra registrado el 6% de la fauna mundial, representado por 349 especies incluidas en 10 familias (número de especies entre paréntesis): Myrmeleontidae (102), Chrysopidae (100), Hemerobiidae (50), Coniopterygidae (40), Mantispidae (26), Ascalaphidae (21), Sisyridae (3), Ithonidae (3), Berothidae (3) y Dilaridae (1).

Within the macroinvertebrates that inhabit in freshwaters, the insects are more suitable the biological group to establish the water quality of the lotic and lentic ecosystems. Considering the sensibility and tolerance intrinsic properties of the aquatic insects, in this study Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI, 1988) was applied in the high, medium and low portions of 3 perennial rivers: Copalita, Zimatán and Coyula, Oaxaca, Mexico. The HBI showed in the 3 cases a good to very good water quality.

Dentro de los macroinvertebrados que habitan los ambientes dulceacuícolas, los insectos son el grupo biológico más idóneo para determinar la calidad del agua de los ecosistemas, ya sean lénticos o lóticos. Considerando la sensibilidad y la tolerancia intrínsecas de los insectos acuáticos, en este estudio se aplicó el índice biótico de Hilsenhoff (IBH, 1988) en las porciones alta, media y baja de 3 ríos perennes: Copalita, Zimatán y Coyula, Oaxaca. El IBH mostró en los 3 casos una calidad del agua de buena a muy buena.